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Senior Seminar on Salmonellosis in Sheep and ITS Public Health Importance

	International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development (IJSRED)	Full Text:
	Published Issue : Volume-3 Issue-4
	Year of Publication : 2020
	Unique Identification Number : IJSRED-V3I4P67
	Authors : Mitike Girma

MLA Style: Mitike Girma "Senior Seminar on Salmonellosis in Sheep and ITS Public Health Importance" International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development (IJSRED) Vol3-Issue4 | 530-542.

APA Style: Mitike Girma. Senior Seminar on Salmonellosis in Sheep and ITS Public Health Importance. International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development (IJSRED) Vol3-Issue4 | 530-542.

Abstract :

Ethiopia has about 14.7 million sheep providing 35% (148,850 tons) of meat for consumption together with goat. Salmonellosis is an infectious disease of primarily of animals but also is transmissible to humans.It is one of the most common causes of food-borne infection worldwide. Sheep salmonellosis is an acute contagious disease, characterised by gastroenteritis, diarrhoea, septicaemia, metritis, abortion, and recovery of carriers. The disease occurs in all breeds, sex and ages of sheep, being young and pregnant sheep are most susceptible. The diarrhoeal and septicaemia forms of clinical salmonellosis are commonly caused by S. Typhimurium, S. Bovismorbificans and S. Havana. Abortion may occur as a sequel to septicaemia with any Salmonella serotypes. The facultative anaerobic pathogen is primarily an intestinal bacterium; and can survive for months in wet, warm areas. its optimum growth temperature and PH is 37oC and 6.5-7.5 respectively. And itgrows optimally at a water activity of 0.995. Different studies conducted in Ethiopia approved the presence of Salmonella in animals, humans, foodstuffs and environment with varying prevalences. And its prevalence is precipitated by stressful situations such as sudden deprivation of feed, transportation, drought, crowding, parturition, surgery, and administration of certain drugs. Salmonellae are carried in the intestinal tracts and associated organs of most farm and wild animals. Infected animals are the source of the organisms which they excrete and infect other animals directly or indirectly by contamination of the environment, primarily feed and water supplies. Because of the non-specific clinical symptoms and necropsy findings, a presumptive diagnosis has to be confirmed by the isolation of the organism either from tissues collected aseptically at necropsy or from faeces, rectal swabs or environmental samples. The control of Salmonella in meat animals and derived products is a very challenging task because of the complexity and interdependence of various aspects of animal husbandry, slaughtering, and processing. The application of the hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) system throughout the food chain to identify the critical control points to eliminate or control growth or contamination with Salmonella is a pre-requisite for the effective and economic control of human and animal salmonellosis.