International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development

Scene of the Crime Operations (SOCO) is a specialized unit of the Philippine National Police (PNP) responsible for processing crime scenes and preserving forensic evidence. This study examined the implementation and effectiveness of SOCO protocols in relation to first responders, investigators-on-case or duty investigators, SOCO personnel, and the release of crime scenes. It also identified the challenges encountered during protocol implementation. Findings revealed that SOCO protocols were consistently implemented across all operational areas, with respondents indicating a high level of compliance with established procedures. The protocols were likewise found to be effective in securing crime scenes, protecting lives, preserving and documenting evidence, and promoting coordination among responding units. Statistical analysis further showed a significant relationship between the implementation and effectiveness of the protocols, leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis. Despite these positive results, respondents identified several operational challenges, including crowd control, environmental conditions, time constraints, limited equipment, training deficiencies, and coordination issues among units. These factors may affect the efficiency of crime scene processing and evidence preservation. Based on the findings, the study recommends implementing a strategic capacity-building program that includes continuous training, simulation exercises, field-based learning, upgraded forensic equipment, professional development opportunities, and strengthened inter-agency coordination to enhance the competence and operational effectiveness of SOCO personnel.

Norielyn D. Montalbo, Shirley S. Domingo, "Contributory Factors in the Effectiveness of the Crime Scene Operation (SOCO) Personnel in Criminal Investigation: Basis for a Proposed Strategic Plan" International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development, V9(4): Page(632-643) May-June 2026. ISSN: 2581-7175. www.ijsred.com. Published by Scientific and Academic Research Publishing.