International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development

In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of literature on AI-based real-time Indian Sign Language(ISL) recognition and translation systems. About 18 million deaf people use Indian Sign Language as their first language in India [1]. Despite its significance, ISL has received much less computational attention compared to others such as American Sign Language (ASL). Thus, in this work we present the study of five research papers that involved touchpoints for a variety of machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL) methods and computer vision experiments along with natural language processing based ISL recognition translation systems.In this survey, techniques like Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network, Hidden Markov Model HMM, Transformers SVM and NLP-based translations are iterated. We also conduct a comparative analysis for the techniques, datasets and performance measures. Then, it reviews on the advantages and disadvantages of above mentioned approaches along with future directions in this domain.The creation of Indian Sign Language Corpus for the sign language recognition model using Deep Learning (Image Classification: [CNN, LSTM] and Gesture Recognition ([MediaPipe]) — Imitation Geshure equalization Visualizing Brain history generated by emotion; NLP and gesture classification in realtime on-device.

Sahithi R, Shreya Shetty, Tanushree PS, Deepika A.B, "AI-Powered Real-Time Indian Sign Language Recognition and Translation" International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development, V9(4): Page(925-934) July-August 2026. ISSN: 2581-7175. www.ijsred.com. Published by Scientific and Academic Research Publishing.