Grape seeds, one of the major by-products from the industrial processing of grapes, are a source of numerous bioactive compounds that could have biological and therapeutic significance. Grape seeds contain phytochemicals like polyphenols, flavonoids, phenolic acids, catechin, epicatechin, tannins, and proanthocyanidins. The review will focus on exploring the major bioactive compounds in grape seeds and their biological activities, which include antioxidant, antibacterial, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Antioxidant activity in grape seeds is due to high levels of polyphenols that help in scavenging the free radicals and oxidative stress in the body. The antimicrobial property may be responsible for inhibiting microbial activity, while anti-inflammatory activities result from the ability to regulate inflammatory mediators and cellular pathways. Additionally, grape seed proanthocyanidins have been shown to exhibit anticancer effects through oxidative damage, cellular signalling, and apoptosis in experimental studies. Besides having biological significance, there is a lot of scope of sustainable usage of agricultural waste as grape seeds in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmetic, and food industries.

Santhi Ramalingam, Monicka Merlin Vincent Devaraj, Esakkiammal Mariappan, Nandhini Priya Jayabal, Jaishri Chandrasekar, "A Review on Grape Seed: Phytochemical Composition and Biological Activities" International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development, V9(5): Page(1994-1999) September - October 2026. ISSN: 2581-7175. www.ijsred.com. Published by Scientific and Academic Research Publishing.