International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development

In today's digital age, protecting the confidentiality, integrity, and security of data is a major concern. Cryptography is essential for safeguarding information from malicious attacks by using symmetric and asymmetric encryption methods. The most commonly used algorithms are AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), DES (Data Encryption Standard), and RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman). This review paper offers a comparison of these algorithms based on performance, security, and efficiency. Existing studies show that AES delivers better encryption speed and efficiency, while DES uses more CPU resources. RSA is a very secure algorithm, but it requires more memory. To overcome the limitations of these algorithms, hybrid encryption methods have been suggested, which combine symmetric and asymmetric techniques. For example, AES-RSA hybrid encryption uses the speed of AES for encrypting data and the strength of RSA for securing keys. Triple hybrid methods (AES, DES, RSA) improve performance and security by reducing CPU and memory use. The findings from the studies reviewed highlight the benefits and drawbacks of each method. They show that hybrid encryption is a strong choice for enhancing data security in areas like online transactions, file transfers, and secure communications.