International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development

Automation is rapidly transforming healthcare by integrating advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), the Internet of Things (IoT), robotic process automation (RPA), and sensor-based systems into clinical and administrative practices. This review explores the evolution, benefits, and challenges of healthcare automation, highlighting its potential to improve efficiency, accuracy, and patient-centred care. Applications span from electronic health records (EHRs), clinical decision support systems (CDSS), and robotic surgeries to telemedicine, remote patient monitoring, and automated pharmacy services. Evidence from a systematic literature review (SLR) and meta-analysis demonstrates that automation enhances diagnostic precision, streamlines workflows, reduces operational costs, and strengthens patient engagement. However, barriers such as technical integration issues, resistance to change, ethical concerns, data privacy risks, and regulatory challenges remain significant. The future of automation in healthcare lies in predictive analytics, big data, IoT-driven monitoring, and intelligent virtual assistants, all aimed at enabling personalized and precision medicine. Ultimately, the successful adoption of automation depends on balancing technological innovation with ethical oversight, regulatory compliance, and human-centred care, ensuring that automation complements rather than replaces the healthcare professional’s role.