International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development

This study explores the structural performance and cost efficiency of low-cost bridge systems reinforced with sustainable materials such as bamboo, basalt fiber, and recycled plastic composites. Conventional steel reinforcement, though strong and durable, contributes significantly to project cost and environmental impact due to high embodied energy and corrosion susceptibility. The proposed approach evaluates alternative reinforcement materials that can be locally sourced, eco-friendly, and easily fabricated for rural bridge applications. Using finite element analysis (FEA) and laboratory-scale testing, the research investigates load-bearing capacity, deflection, and durability under varying static and dynamic conditions. Comparative simulations reveal that bamboo and basalt fiber reinforcement can achieve 80–90% of the load-carrying performance of conventional steel while reducing carbon emissions by nearly 60%. Additionally, hybrid reinforcement systems demonstrate superior crack resistance and lower maintenance requirements in humid and coastal environments. Life-cycle cost analysis indicates potential savings of up to 40% compared with steel-reinforced structures. These results confirm that sustainable materials can be viable alternatives for small- and medium-span bridges in developing regions, enabling affordable and environmentally responsible infrastructure. The findings underscore the importance of integrating green materials into civil engineering design to support global goals of sustainable construction and resilient community connectivity.