International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development

Artificial wombs represent a transformative frontier in medical technology, offering unprecedented possibilities in neonatal care and human reproduction. Known scientifically as ectogenesis, artificial womb technology aims to create a controlled, external environment that mimics the conditions of a natural womb, enabling fetal development outside a biological mother’s body. While its primary focus has been on supporting extremely premature infants, artificial wombs also prompt fundamental questions about the future of reproduction, family dynamics, and child welfare. This review paper explores the current status of artificial womb technology, tracing its evolution from traditional neonatal care advancements to the latest breakthroughs. The paper examines the technical complexities involved in replicating the uterine environment, including challenges related to oxygenation, nutrient delivery, and waste removal. Furthermore, the limitations and ethical concerns surrounding artificial wombs are discussed. Looking to the future, the paper discusses potential developments necessary for artificial wombs to advance, including innovations in biomaterials, artificial intelligence, and long-term clinical trials to assess the safety and efficacy of artificial gestation in humans. Through a detailed examination of both technical and ethical dimensions, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the promise and challenges surrounding artificial womb technology as it moves toward clinical reality.