International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development

Tunnels play a crucial role in modern transportation infrastructure by enabling smooth and uninterrupted traffic flow through mountains, densely populated urban areas, and long highway routes. Unlike open roads, tunnels operate in enclosed environments where natural sunlight is limited; therefore artificial lighting is essential. This paper presents an intelligent, automated, and energy‑efficient tunnel lighting and safety monitoring system using the ESP32 microcontroller. IR sensors detect vehicle presence to enable section‑wise lighting control, an LDR adapts operation to ambient light, DHT11 monitors temperature/humidity, and an MQ‑2 smoke sensor detects smoke and hazardous gases. Relays provide safe switching of LED tunnel lights, alarms and ventilation. The proposed system improves safety, reduces energy consumption, and minimizes human intervention, making it suitable for MSBTE diploma projects.

Suraj Rajiv Jaybhaye, Sandhyarani Balasaheb Kunjir, Pradeep Sanjay Kapse, Abhishek Sunil Adagale,"Tunnel Electrification for Road using ESP32 Based Smart Lighting and Safety System" International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development, V9(1): Page(332-334) Jan-Feb 2026. ISSN: 2581-7175. www.ijsred.com. Published by Scientific and Academic Research Publishing.