International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development

Plant viruses represent a major constraint to global agriculture, significantly affecting crop productivity, quality, and food security. These viruses display a high degree of variability in their morphology, genetic content, and transmission patterns, making them capable of infecting a wide variety of host plants in diverse agro-ecological environments. Studies in plant virology have shown a complex association between viruses and their hosts, including a high level of sophistication in their replication, spread, and subversion of host defense mechanisms. The emergence of plant viruses is a continuous process facilitated by their high mutation rates, genetic recombination, and adaptation to a wide variety of hosts and vectors. These factors have contributed to the development of new and more aggressive strains of plant viruses. Their spread is affected by several factors, including vector and agriculture-associated changes, and environmental conditions such as changes in climate. Consequently, plant viral diseases have become a serious challenge in their control. Effective management of plant viruses requires a holistic approach that includes cultural practices, vector management, crop resistance, and the use of modern biotechnological tools such as RNA interference and genome editing. In recent years, the use of advanced diagnostic tools such as modern molecular tools and next-generation sequencing has greatly contributed to the discovery and identification of plant viruses. This review provides a comprehensive overview of plant viruses, including their diversity, evolutionary patterns, and their impact on global agriculture. In addition, it discusses the management of plant viruses, and the challenges and prospects in managing plant viruses in a rapidly changing world.

Akanksha Singh, H.K. Chourasia,"Plant Viruses: Diversity, Evolution, and Their Impact on Global Agriculture- A Comprehensive Review" International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development, V9(2): Page(1280-1296) Mar-Apr 2026. ISSN: 2581-7175. www.ijsred.com. Published by Scientific and Academic Research Publishing.