International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development

This study explores the growing significance of Private Security Organizations (PSOs) within Nigeria’s evolving national security framework. As public law enforcement struggles with persistent threats such as terrorism, kidnapping, and armed robbery, PSOs have become essential actors in plural policing and crime prevention strategies (Okeke, 2022). Through a thematic analysis of scholarly literature, policy documents, and comparative case studies, the paper evaluates the contributions, limitations, and governance challenges of PSOs. Key findings highlight the role of public–private partnerships, digital surveillance technologies, and regulatory gaps in shaping PSO effectiveness. While PSOs enhance security coverage, their impact is constrained by fragmented oversight and limited collaboration with state agencies (Abrahamsen & Williams, 2011). The study concludes with recommendations for strengthening security regulation, expanding rural access to private protection, and fostering law enforcement collaboration to improve national safety outcomes.